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English Topics (Темы по английскому языку)

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THE KREMLIN

The Kremlin is the heart of Moscow. It is the oldest historical and architectural centre of Moscow.

First it was a wooden fort. Under Dmitry Donskoy the Kremlin was built of white stone. During the reign of Ivan III the walls of white stone were replaced by new redbrick walls and towers. The Tzar invited Italian architects to construct the cathedrals. The Assumption Cathedral was built in 1475-79. The Russian Tzars and Emperors were crowned here. The Archangel Cathedral was the burial place of the Russian Princes and Tzars. The Annunciation Cathedral was erected in 1484. It is famous for the icons painted by Andrey Rublev and his apprentices.

In the centre of the Kremlin rises one of the most remarkable structures of the 16-th century — Ivan the Great Bell Tower. It unites all the Kremlin Cathedrals into a majestic ensemble which faces Cathedral square. On the stone pedestal at the foot of the Bell Tower stands a Tzar-Bell — the largest bell in the world. Not far from it one can see a Tzar-Gannon.

Another fine example of Russian architecture is the Faceted Palace. It was built in 1487-91.

One of the well-known Kremlin museums is the Armoury Chamber. It was built in 1851. The famous golden cap of Monomach, the first Russian imperial crown of Catherin II, made of gilt silver and many other precious historical items are exhibited there.