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The main stages of the bill's progress
The main stages of the bill's progress in each House are still known as "readings", although the bill is no longer read aloud. This is a reminder of the days when printed copies were not gen erally available, and the two Houses had to be informed of the contents of a bill by actually hearing a clerk read it aloud.
Nowadays the first reading is a formality. Only the title of the bill is mentioned, and it is then printed in full for members of the House of Gommons to read and think about before the second reading. On the second reading, a dissension takes place. The House may be unanimous in favour of the bill: on many occasions it is clear from the debates what the wishes of the majority of members are; but at other times some members may shout Yes and others No, in which case a vote has to.be taken. A bell is rung so that all members may come and vote. The members leave their benches and walk out into two lobbies. This they do by passing through corridors behind the Speaker's chair, those who are "for" on one side, those who are "against" on the other. As they walk out, they are counted by four tellers — two for each side — and it may take 10 or 15 minutes before the figures are announced.
The largest number of votes "for" or "against" decides if the bill is passed or not. If the bill is defeated at this stage, it can do no further. But in the political climate of today it seems incon ceivable, that any Government bill should be defeated.
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